Indications

To support the non-specific stimulation of humoral and cellular immunity in dogs and cats. The preparation can be used in growing and older dogs, at risk of infection or suffering from viral or bacterial diseases, and in pregnant bitches to stimulate immunity passed on to offspring.

Composition

Saccharomyces cerevisiae R6446 (YSC 1111), max 100 cfu / g

Mechanism of Action

The mechanism of action of the Vetomune complementary feed is based on the effects of the individual components of this preparation described in the scientific literature:

1. Β-1,3 / 1,6-glucan is one of the best known immunostimulating substances. As such, it has the ability to directly stimulate antimicrobial defense mechanisms and may have an effect that supports the effectiveness of vaccinations. Its use increases the levels of specific IgG and IgA antibodies in the serum and in the secretions of mucous membranes when administered orally. The mechanism of action of beta-glucan is based on binding to specific receptors on macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells and NK lymphocytes (Stuyven et al., 2010). -Beta-glucans activate complement, stimulate the production of pro and anti-inflammatory interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12) and TNF-α, which in consequence increases the immune system's readiness to defend the organism against viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections (Pelizon et al., 2005; Wójcik et al., 2007; Chen and Seviour, 2007). Beta-glucans as biostimulants create opportunities for their practical use in non-specific immunoprophylaxis in animals. They can be used to mobilize the immune system both in sick animals and in animals in which, due to immunological deficiencies, it is necessary to use preparations that correct the impaired function of the immune system. The use of beta-glucans with prophylactic vaccination of dogs seems to be of particular interest, as they have been shown to significantly increase the level of antibodies against canine parvovirus and rabies virus,
2. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid (HMB) is a natural metabolite of the amino acid leucine and is synthesized in the body of humans and animals. HMB plays an important role in the body's physiology, stimulating the immune system and protecting against infections. It stimulates the metabolic activity of phagocytes, enhances the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes. In animal studies, HMB has been shown to improve the metabolic activity and phagocytosis of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, and the cellular response to bacterial antigens by increasing the number of antibody-producing cells. It improves feed conversion during animal growth and increases muscle protein content (Nissen et al., 1994; Koevering Van et al., 1994; Ostaszewski et al., 1998; Krakowski et al., 2002).

In conclusion, the Vetomune supplementary food contains active substances with a scientifically documented mechanism of action, the use of which may have an immunostimulatory effect in dogs. This opinion was prepared at the request of VetPlanet on the basis of the peer-reviewed scientific literature available in the PubMed and Science Direct scientific databases.

Dosage

VetoMune - For cats and dogs up to 10 kg body weight - 1 capsule / day
Over 10 kg body weight - 2 capsules / day Your
pet should have access to fresh water.